T. Clark Brelje, Ph.D.
University of Minnesota
Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development
6-160 Jackson Hall
321 Church St SE
Minneapolis, MN 55455
Robert L. Sorenson, Ph.D.
University of Minnesota
Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development
6-160 Jackson Hall
321 Church St SE
Minneapolis, MN 55455
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Cilia are slender, hair-like appendages extending from the surface of cells. Motile organelles which beat in coordinated waves that move materials across the surface of an epithelium.
Cross-section of cilia (TEM). The core of each cilia is called an axoneme and contains a central pair of microtubules that are surrounded by an outer ring of nine doublet microtubules.
Plasma Membrane (dark green)
Axoneme (9+2 complex)
Nine outer doublet microtubules (blue and purple)
Two central single microtubules (yellow)
Cytoplasm (green)
The microtubules form a scaffold that binds hundreds of proteins required for motility.