T. Clark Brelje, Ph.D.
University of Minnesota
Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development
6-160 Jackson Hall
321 Church St SE
Minneapolis, MN 55455
Robert L. Sorenson, Ph.D.
University of Minnesota
Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development
6-160 Jackson Hall
321 Church St SE
Minneapolis, MN 55455
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The parathyroid glands are located on the four poles of the thyroid. It secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH) which regulates calcium metabolism.
Stroma
Capsule - enclosed by a thin layer of connective tissue.
Trabeculae - connective tissue extends inwards from the capsule to partially outline irregular lobes and lobules.
Parenchyma
Chief Cells (#1 and #2) - the majority of cells in the parathyroid.
Small cells (5 to 8 µm diameter) with dark nuclei and thin rim of lightly stained cytoplasm.
They secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH).
Oxyphil Cells (#1 and #2) - larger cells (8 to 12 µm diameter) with dark nuclei and strongly eosinophilic cytoplasm because of numerous mitochondria. They appear after the first decade of life and are thought to be non-secretory cells.
Clear Cells (#1 and #2)- larger cells (8 to 12 µm diameter) with dark nuclei and a watery, clear cytoplasm.