T. Clark Brelje, Ph.D.
University of Minnesota
Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development
6-160 Jackson Hall
321 Church St SE
Minneapolis, MN 55455
Robert L. Sorenson, Ph.D.
University of Minnesota
Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development
6-160 Jackson Hall
321 Church St SE
Minneapolis, MN 55455
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The walls of blood vessels are composed of three layers (or tunics).
Elastic Artery (Carotid Artery) - convey blood from the heart to systemic and pulmonary circulations. The tunica media is the thickest layer and contains prominent elastic tissue.
Tunica Intima - inner layer composed of the endothelium, subendothelial connective tissue, and a thin layer of elastic fibrils (the internal elastic membrane).
Tunica Media - middle layer composed of alternating layers of circumferentially arranged smooth muscle (bluish-pink) and wavy sheets of elastic tissue (ustained or light pink).
Large Vein (Brachiocephalic Vein) - have thinner walls than arteries with less distinct layers. The tunica adventitia is the thickest of the three layers.
Tunica Intima - inner layer composed of endothelium and a thin layer of collagen fibrils
Tunica Media - middle layer of only a few (3 to 8) layers of smooth muscle.
Tunica Adventitia - outer layer of dense irregular connective tissue containing mostly longitudinal or spiral arrangements of smooth muscle and collagen fibers.
Vasa Vasorum - blood vessels that supply the tunica adventitia and tunica media.