Chapter 5 - Cartilage and Bone
Cartilage and bone are connective tissue specialized for support. Cartilage occurs where flexibility is required, while bone resists deformation. Each has all the common features of connective tissue, which includes ground substance, fibers and cells.
CARTILAGE
Cartilage Histogenesis
Chondrogenesis is the process by which condensed mesenchyme tissue forms cartilage.
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TYPES OF CARTILAGE
Three types of cartilage can be distinguished based on their composition of fibers and ground substance: hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage and fibrocartilage.
Hyaline Cartilage
Hyaline cartilage contains an abundant ground substance with fibers of type II collagen.
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Elastic Cartilage
Elastic cartilage contains abundant elastic tissue with fibers of type II collagen.
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Fibrocartilage
Fibrocartilage contains extensive amounts of type I collagen and relatively few chondrocytes.
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BONE
Bone is hard and rigid because of mineralization. It forms the supportive framework (skeleton) for the body. Morphologically, bone is organized into two types: spongy (cancellous or trabecular) and compact bone.
Bone also serves as a reservoir for Ca2+ and PO42-.
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MH 043 Cancellous and Compact Bone (decalcified) |
Spongy Bone
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(vertebra) |
Compact Bone
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(decalcified) |
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(Schmorl's stain) |
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(India ink) |
Intramembranous Bone Formation
Intramembranous bone formation occurs within organizing centers of mesenchyme that differentiate into osteoblasts and then osteocytes. (It does not require a collagen model.)
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(decalcified) |
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Endochondral Bone Formation
Endochondral bone formation starts with a cartilaginous model. It occurs at the epiphyseal plate of long bones.
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(decalcified) |
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(decalcified) |
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(decalcified) |
Tooth Development
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